Chemistry is a fundamental branch of science that plays a crucial role in our understanding of matter and its interactions. In this article we will checkout some Important Chemistry Definitions for Class 11 and 12 while preparing your board exams.
Top Chemistry Definitions for Class 12 Boards
1. Mole: The mole is the amount of substance that contains as many particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) as there are atoms in 12 grams of pure carbon-12.
2. Atomic Mass: Atomic mass is the weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of an element as they occur naturally.
3. Molarity (M): Molarity is the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution.
4. Molality (m): Molality is the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 kilogram of solvent.
5. Avogadro’s Law: Avogadro’s law states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain an equal number of molecules.
6. Electronegativity: Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons towards itself in a covalent bond.
7. Ionization Energy: Ionization energy is the minimum amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from an isolated neutral atom.
8. Electrolysis: Electrolysis is the process by which electrical energy is used to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction.
9. Enthalpy (∆H): Enthalpy is the heat content of a system at constant pressure.
10. Entropy (S): Entropy is a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system.
11. Isomerism: Isomerism is the phenomenon in which two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural or spatial arrangements.
12. Hybridization: Hybridization is the process of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals of equivalent energy.
13. Buffer Solution: A buffer solution is one that resists changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of acid or base.
14. Colloids: Colloids are heterogeneous mixtures in which the particle size is between 1 nm and 1000 nm, and the particles remain dispersed in the medium.
15. Covalent Bond: A covalent bond is formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms.
16. Ionic Bond: An ionic bond is formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in oppositely charged ions.
17. Electrochemical Cell: An electrochemical cell is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy or vice versa.
18. Rate of Reaction: The rate of reaction is the change in concentration of reactants or products per unit time.
19. Activation Energy: Activation energy is the minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.
20. Orbital: An orbital is a three-dimensional region in space where there is a high probability of finding an electron.
21. Periodic Law: Periodic law states that the physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.
22. Redox Reaction: A redox reaction is a chemical reaction in which oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously.
23. Acid: A substance that increases the concentration of H+ ions in aqueous solution. It’s a proton donor and electron pair acceptor.
24. Base: A substance that increases the concentration of OH- ions in aqueous solution. It’s a proton acceptor and electron pair donor.
25. Allotropes: Allotropes are different structural forms of the same element, exhibiting distinct physical and chemical properties.
26. Coordination Compound: A coordination compound consists of a central metal atom or ion bonded to a group of molecules or ions called ligands.
27. pH: The pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution, expressed as the negative logarithm of the H+ ion concentration.
Chemistry Board Exam Preparation Tips
These above Must-Know Chemistry Definitions for Class 11 and 12 should be fitted in one’s memory which will help in understanding basic fundamental concepts of chemistry while preparing and appearing exams as part of objective questions.
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